An additional reading for this session was: 'Violence and Sociality in Human Evolution' by Bruce Knauft. In this paper, the communities and behaviours of different great apes were compared and contrasted with that of what was hypothesized about the social behaviours of early hominins. For Freud, the idea that early humans formed a tight hierarchy with clear authorities was a strong theme in his writing - perhaps from the prevailing knowledge about chimpanzees and gorillas. We discussed whether this may have lead to a misguided theorization on the origins of human society - especially if early human societies were already communal and altruistic akin to the social interactions of bonobos.